Purpose: to develop a layout and design solution for the outlet (for fish) head of a polygonal cross section, which forms favorable conditions for fish movement and exit from the tracts of fish passages and fish passage and spawning channels into riverbeds.
Materials and methods. The basis of the study was: data on the biological basis of the behavior of anadromous, semi-anadromous and non-anadromous fish species that make spawning migrations; known and author's information about the designs of the output heads and recommendations for their calculation and design.
Results. The analysis of the well-known designs of outlet heads, arranged as part of fish passage channels, was carried out, and the scheme for their classification was proposed. The expediency of the device is substantiated, the requirements and recommendations for design are formulated, and a constructive solution for the outlet head with a channel-floodplain transverse profile is developed. The outlet head is made expanding in plan and includes a channel and symmetrically located floodplain parts, the bottom of which expands against the current. The bottom of the central (river) part of the head is deepened to the bottom of the river channel. The bottom of the floodplain parts is made with a zero slope, rising above the riverbed. The geometry of the outlet (for fish) section is taken from the condition of maintaining the flow velocity in it at the level of its average value in the river. Head configuration provides: adaptation of demersal (sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, zander, carp, etc.) and pelagic (shemai, herring, etc.) fish to the hydrometric conditions of their migration in the upstream of the river; restoration of the energy expended by fish when moving along the canal tract (due to the systemically decreasing flow rates in the direction of their outlet into the river).
Conclusion. A classification scheme has been developed, requirements and provisions for design have been formulated, and a design for the outlet (for fish) head of a polygonal cross-section, which forms conditions for fish rest and adaptation to the outlet from canals into river beds has been proposed.
fish spawning, fish migration, fish passage, fish passage and spawning channel, channel design, channel outlet head, fish adaptation
Shevchenko A. V., Shkura V. N. Outlet head for fish passage and fish passage and spawning channels with a channel-floodplain transverse profile. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2023;91(3):115–127. (In Russ.).
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