Purpose: to assess the dynamics of summer planted potato plant development depending on different fertilizer rates.
Materials and methods. The field experiment was conducted at the Biryuchekutskaya vegetable selection experimental station (branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing) in Rostov region, according to the generally accepted methods. The potato variety was Zhukovsky ranniy. Watering was done by drip irrigation.
Results. With a 20 % increase in the rate of applied fertilizers, the potato leaf area was 50,667 sq. m/ha. The lowest described indicator was demonstrated by the experimental variant, where the fertilizer rate was reduced to 80% of the calculated rate per 50 t/ha, – 40,027 sq. m/ha. In the control variant, the leaf surface area was recorded at 47,120 sq. m/ha. With an increase and decrease in the fertilizer rate by 10 % from the planned one, the described indicator was 43,067 and 42,560 sq. m/ha, respectively. The highest yield of potato root crops was obtained in variant 3 and was 51.3 t/ha. In the variant with an increase in the fertilizer rate by 10%, the gross potato harvest was lower by 2.7 t/ha and was 48.6 t/ha. In the control variant, where the fertilizer rate was calculated at 50 t/ha, 47.2 t/ha of tubers were obtained. With a decrease in the fertilizer rate to the level of 90 and 80 % of the calculated rate, the yield falls in comparison with the control by 1.4; 5.9 t/ha and is 45.8; 41.3 t/ha, respectively.
Conclusions. Irrigation and fertilization measures carried out during critical periods of plant development slightly increase the vegetation period, which is associated with the absorption of available nutrients. Visual observation and data on the leaf surface area of potato plants allow predicting the difference in the possible yield if there is an additional option for comparison. If to rely on the leaf surface area and the compilation of a plant development database, long-term observations will help to predict the potato yield.
summer-planted potatoes, mineral fertilizers, yield, leaf surface area, productivity forecasting
Monastyrskiy V. A., Olgarenko V. Ig. Assessment of the dynamics of development of summer planted potato plants depending on the applied rates of mineral fertilizers. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;93(2):153–165. (In Russ.).
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