Purpose: to develop engineering solutions of facilities for fish spawning in the tracts of the near waterworks fish passage and spawning channels.
Materials and methods. The developments were based on materials from well-known studies of natural and artificial spawning grounds for fish, which made it possible to establish the basic requirements for the design solutions of spawning facilities, for the conditions of their creation and functioning in fish passage and spawning channels. When developing spawning devices, search design technologies were used.
Results. Three technical solutions for mobile spawning devices with their placement on channel slopes and in the cross sections of their tracts have been proposed. Slope spawning grounds are a flexible canvas with a fixed spawning substrate – artificial vegetation for phytophilous fish or rough elements imitating a stone-pebble coating, which is a substrate for the spawning of lithophiles. The design provides for the possibility of laying the canvas in certain areas of the channel slopes with appropriate flow rates and depths for the period of spawning of a certain species of fish and its removal at its end. Cross-channel spawning grounds for phytophiles are a cable system with artificial vegetation attached to it with the possibility of its immersion in the water flow. The supporting cable of the device is fixed to the support of one slope and the winch drum, installed on the opposite slope of the channel with the ability to regulate its position, installation and removal. The developed structures provide conditions for fish producers to lay eggs, fertilize them and hatch them. The simplicity and flexibility of the designs allow them to be adapted to various operating conditions of the channels. The designs have prospects for widespread use and further improvement.
Conclusion. Designs of spawning facilities of slope and channel placement in the tracts of fish passage and spawning channels have been proposed, providing conditions for fish spawning.
river waterworks, fish passage and spawning channels, artificial spawning grounds, spawning facilities, spawning substrate, fish spawning
Shevchenko A. V. Spawning facility of fish passage and spawning channels near waterworks. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;93(2):221–236. (In Russ.).
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