THE IRRIGATION METHODS IMPACT ON SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY

Authors:Selitskiy Sergey A., Yurkova Rita Ye., Balakay Georgiy T.

633.34:631.674
Theme: The role of land reclamation and water management in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture
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Annotation

Purpose: to study the parameters of growth, development and productivity of soybean depending on the irrigation method.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2021–2022 on the irrigated lands of the Azov natural-agricultural zone of Rostov region. The soil of the site is represented by heavy loamy meadow chernozem. The soybean variety SK Optima was sown. Experiment scheme: sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and without irrigation. Irrigation was carried out with a Valley sprinkler. Drip irrigation was carried out using drip lines with a distance of 30 cm between emitters and a flow rate of 2.5 l/h. The soil moisture at more than 80% of the minimum moisture capacity was maintained in the 0–0.6 m layer. Research results processing was carried out on the basis of generally accepted methods.

Results. The growing season 2021 was characterized as a wet one, and 2022 as extremely dry. The irrigation rate for sprinkling irrigation in a wet year was 2250 cub. m/ha and in dry conditions – 2700 cub. m/ha, with drip irrigation 1680 and 2100 cub. m/ha, respectively. The maximum values of linear growth were obtained during the bean filling phase – 128.0 and 121.0 cm when irrigated with a drip system and sprinkling, respectively. The same trend was noted when observing the increase in leaf surface area and the accumulation of dry mass of soybean plants. The highest soybean yield was obtained using the option with drip irrigation during the years of research – 5.20 t/ha in a wet year and 4.98 t/ha in a dry year.

Conclusions. The maximum soybean yield was obtained with drip irrigation (5.09 t/ha). The increase in soybean yield from irrigation with drip systems and sprinkling was 2.90 and 2.21 t/ha, respectively, the figure was 132.4 and 100.7 % higher than with rainfed soybean cultivation. The highest total water consumption of soybeans on average over two years was in the variant with sprinkling irrigation – 5244 cub. m/ha, and water was used most efficiently in the option with drip irrigation, where the water consumption coefficient was minimal – 927 cub. m/t.

Keywords

soybean, irrigation regime, irrigation method, sprinkling, drip irrigation, yield, total water consumption, water consumption coefficient

For quoting

Selitskiy S. A., Yurkova R. Ye., Balakay G. T. The irrigation methods impact on soybean productivity. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;92(1):31–43. (In Russ.).

Authors

S. A. Selitskiy – Senior Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, ssilja@yandex.ru, AuthorID: 432328, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4771-4516;

R. Ye. Yurkova – Leading Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, rita6161@list.ru, AuthorID: 516510, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8275-5834;

G. T. Balakay – Chief Researcher, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, AuthorID: 267782, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8021-6853.

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