Purpose: to study the potential productivity and adaptability of cotton cultivars Faravon 20, Ziroatkor 64 and Gissar of Tajik selection under irrigation in Rostov region.
Materials and methods: research was carried out on ordinary chernozem in 2022–2023 in the Azov agricultural zone Rostov region in accordance with generally accepted methods.
Results. The conducted studies made it possible to determine that the field germination of the studied cotton cultivars ranged from 84 to 89 % on average for 2022–2023. The longest growing season for Faravon 20 cultivar is 165 days, for the Ziroatkor 64 and Gissar cultivars – 164 and 160 days, which is lower than the control variant (PGSSKh 1) by 17, 16 and 12 days, respectively. The resulting duration of the growing season is higher than in their zoning area. This is also due to the increase in the sum of effective temperatures – the longer the growing season, the greater this sum. For the Faravon 20 cultivar, which ripened later than the others, it was 1608.9 °C, and for the control cultivar with the shortest development period it was 1512 °C. The highest yield was obtained from the PGSSKh 1 (control) cultivar – 11.1 q/ha. On the introduced Faravon 20, Ziroatkor 64 and Gissar cultivars, the yield was 4.2; 3.4 and 3.7 q/ha less than in the control. In terms of the raw cotton weight per boll, the PGSSKh 1 and Ziroatkor 64 cultivars showed an advantage – 4.16 and 3.86 g, respectively, but the Faravon 20 cultivar is noted for fiber yield – 37 %. Dependencies that have a close relationship between the fiber yield and the raw cotton mass from one boll (R² = 0.79), between the fiber yield and the mass of 1000 grains (R² = 0.93) have been established.
Conclusions. The introduced cotton cultivars Faravon 20, Ziroatkor 64 and Gissar, adapted to geographically remote areas, did not fully demonstrate their potential during the study period under the conditions of Rostov region. Apparently, temperature factors, growing conditions and genetic characteristics of the studied cultivars have an influence.
irrigation, cotton, duration of development phases, sum of effective temperatures, mass of raw cotton, fiber yield
Babichev A. N., Yurkova R. Ye., Selitskiy S. A. Features of the introduced cotton cultivars developing under irrigation in Rostov region. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;92(1):121–135. (In Russ.).
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