PRINCIPLES FOR OPTIMIZING THE IRRIGATION REGIME FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GROUNDWATER TABLE AND SALINITY

Authors:Shammedov Merdan N., Ishangulyyev Penamuhammet M.

631.67:631.432
Theme: The role of land reclamation and water management in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture
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Annotation

Purpose: to optimize the irrigation regime for agricultural crops, taking into account the level and salinity of groundwater.

Materials and methods. The lysimetric method to calculate the total moisture storage in the upper meter soil layer during the growing season depending on groundwater, was considered. A homogeneous soil was used as a physical model. For the calculations, the formulas of A. N. Kostyakov and Kh. A. Amanov were used.

Results. Based on lysimetric data, the dependence of the available moisture storage on the groundwater depth was obtained. A study of the chlorine ions accumulation in the aeration zone and in the upper layer of 1 m at a groundwater level of 1–3 m and their mineralization of 1–10 g/l showed, that the chlorine ions accumulation during one growing season can exceed 0.015 % even with groundwater mineralization water 1–3 g/l, if groundwater is at a depth of 1–1.5 m. When groundwater mineralization is 10 g/l, the chlorine ion amount reaches the same value at a depth of 2.8 m. Critical depth of alkali soil water (HKR), depending on the chlorinity in the 0–100 cm layer and the groundwater salinity, is 1.0–2.8 m from the ground surface.

Conclusions. The optimal pre-irrigation moisture content of non-saline soil for cotton is 70 % of maximum field moisture capacity before ripening and 60–65 % during the ripening period; for alfalfa, corn and vegetable crops – 70–75 % of the maximum field moisture capacity. On saline soils, the pre-irrigation moisture content and is 75 % for cotton and corn, and 75–80 % of the maximum field moisture capacity for alfalfa and vegetable crops. The calculated soil layer is on average 0.7 m before flowering and 1.0 during the fruit formation of cotton.

Keywords

irrigation regime, groundwater, mineral nutrition, soil water regime, productivity, moisture depth

For quoting

Shammedov M. N., Ishangulyyev P. M. Principles for optimizing the irrigation regime for agricultural crops, taking into account the groundwater table and salinity. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;92(1):160–174. (In Russ.).

Authors

M. N. Shammedov – Head of Science Department, Candidate of Technical Sciences, S. A. Niyazov Turkmen Agricultural University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, sagitarius80@mail.ru;

P. M. Ishangulyyev – Head of the Department of Land Management and Land Cadastre, S. A. Niyazov Turkmen Agricultural University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, penamuhamme@gmail.com.

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