Purpose: to study the biological potential and identification of promising species of fodder plants under the arid conditions of the Caspian region.
Materials and methods. Objects of study are: Leymus racemosus (L.), Leymus angustus (T.), Leymus paboanus (C.), Agropyron desertorum (F.), Agropyron fragile (R.), Calligonum aphyllum (P.), Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.), Haloxylon aphyllum (M.). The experiments were carried out in the Kharabalinsky district Astrakhan region and at the lysimetric complex of the Federal Scientific Centre for Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volgograd. Taxation studies were carried out according to the Anuchin N. P. method. Determination of the age structure was done according to the Rabotnov T. A. classification of age states. The feed and seed performance record was carried out by cut-sample method on the declared areas of 1 square meter.
Results. It was found that Leymus racemosus (L.) was successfully introduced into desert soils. Fresh yield is 80–90 q/ha, seed yield is 2–3 q/ha. In the conditions of the Astrakhan Trans-Volga region, 4-year-old samples of Calligonum aphyllum reach 140.0 ± 0.72 cm in height. In the desert zone, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) bears fruit already in the 2nd year. Dry matter yield is 10–15 q/ha. Light loamy and sandy loam soils are most favorable for the growth and development of Haloxylon aphyllum (M.). Observations have shown that the skeletal axes are formed and the generative development – the beginning of fruiting is noted at the age of 3–4 years. It has been recorded that Agropyron yields depend on the density of the grass stand; in particularly dry years they yield up to 3–6 q/ha, in wet years – up to 15–22 q/ha. It is profitable to use Agropyron crops for no more than 5–6 years.
Conclusions. The introduction of new native plant species that are resistant to local extreme conditions will help enrich the composition of degraded plant communities and increase their productivity. A thorough study of the Caspian sea region flora and the identifying of the promising fodder plants species for introduction into crop culture under extremely arid conditions is a very urgent task.
the Caspian region, phytomeliorants, fodder plants, biological potential
Rybashlykova L. P., Turko S. Yu., Maslova M. I. Biological potential of natural plants in culture. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;93(2):166–177. (In Russ.).
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