Purpose: to cover the problem of reservoir siltation detailed and comprehensively taking into account the statistical indicators on presence and volume of reservoirs for land reclamation purposes, to identify promising objects for research as well as tasks and possible ways to reduce the negative impact of solid sediment flow.
Materials and methods. In the course of the work, the information on presence and characteristics of reservoirs for land reclamation purposes, obtained on the basis of data from the Federal State Budgetary Institution for Land Reclamation and Agricultural Water Supply for 2023, information and reference materials from literary sources, was used.
Results and discussion. There are 339 reservoirs with a total volume of 2.8 cub. km at full reservoir level on the balance sheet of the Russian Federation Department of Land Reclamation, which can be used potentially for irrigation of an area of 934 thousand hectares. However, siltation of reservoirs leads to a decrease in capacity characteristics. Studies show that sediments in reservoirs are formed due to runoff from adjacent catchment areas, changes in river beds and erosion, and abrasive banks lead to irreversible withdrawal of adjacent areas. Analysis of literary sources does not provide a complete answer to the proportional ratio of these sources of siltation. At the same time, it is possible to estimate the amount of sediment supply carried by the waters of the filling source based on field measurements using instrumental methods, as well as on regional reference data on presence and nature of solid runoff formation from the catchment area. As for the reservoir bank transformation assessment, there are no calculation methods, and the use of classical optical survey methods with geodetic instruments is difficult. It is advisable to use airborne laser scanning from UAVs for their monitoring.
Conclusions. Due to the significant number of reservoirs for reclamation purposes, their classification is of scientific interest in order to develop comprehensive measures based on the optimal combination of currently existing solutions. For conducting field studies, 9 of the largest ones were considered, which will allow solving a whole range of urgent problems and offering the most optimal options for their solution, based both on accumulated experience and by developing patent solutions.
reservoirs for reclamation purposes, siltation, reservoir bank transformation, sediment runoff, monitoring, hydrological studies, remote sensing methods of the Earth
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