Purpose: to identify changes in the water-physical and chemical properties of soils during irrigation of alfalfa and sorghum as host crops with low-mineralized waters.
Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out with the irrigation of two host crops with fresh and low-mineralized water, to identify changes in the water-physical and chemical properties of soils.
Results. Under the influence of irrigation with low-mineralized waters, the water-physical properties of desert-sandy soils change. In terms of their mechanical composition, they become heavier, their dispersion increases, and the number of water-resistant aggregates decreases. Under the influence of irrigation with mineralized waters, large particles were dispersed. The content of the fraction in a meter layer of soil less than 0.001 mm was 6.36 % before irrigation and after irrigation with low-mineralized waters it increased to 8.2 %. Soil compaction also occurred – the volumetric mass of a half-meter layer increased by 0.11 g/cub. cm, as a result of which porosity decreased by 4.6 %.
Conclusions. Irrigation with mineralized waters is marked by the accumulation of salts in the root layer towards the end of the growing season. The accumulation of salts in the soil can be explained by the fact that organic fertilizers and root residues increase the water-holding capacity of sandy soils. Also, the predominance of potassium cations over other cations in mineralized irrigation water reduces the filtration coefficient, hydraulic conductivity, and increases the water-holding capacity of the soil. The salt balance of alfalfa and sorghum fields, compiled with deep groundwater, showed that salt accumulation occurs. The removal of salts from a meter layer of soil is greater when irrigated with mineralized waters.
water-physical and chemical properties, soil, irrigation, mineralized water, watering, salts, alfalfa, sorghum
Shammedov M. N. Changes in the water-physical and chemical properties of soils during irrigation of alfalfa and sorghum as host crops with low-mineralized waters // Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2024;94(3):62–72. (In Russ.).
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