Purpose: to study the growth, development and productivity of tomatoes at different planting rates and methods.
Materials and methods. A two-factor experiment was conducted according to generally accepted recommendations in 2022–2024. Soils are foothill residual carbonate chernozem. The soil water regime at the level of 80 % of minimum water capacity was provided by drip irrigation. Fertilizer rates were determined based on the planned yield.
Results and discussion. In all years, the maximum values of linear growth were observed in the A3B1 and A3B2 variants, the lowest – in the A1B1 and A1B2 variants. In 2022, all development phases occurred earliest in plants on the control, in other variants – 1–5 days later. In 2023, in the A3B1 and A3B2 variants, budding began 2 days earlier, flowering and ripening – 4–6 days later than in the control. In variants A2B1 and A2B2, budding and ripening began 1 day later, and flowering began 3 and 4 days later than in the control. In variant A1B2, flowering began 1 day later, and ripening began 2 days later than in the control. In 2024, due to late planting, the “budding” phase began on the control on 28.05, on variant A1B2 – 1 day later, on variants A2B1 and A2B2 – 3 days later. Flowering began earliest on the control, on the other variants – 1–5 days later. Fruit ripening also occurred earlier on the control. The maximum yield was obtained in the A2B2 variant: in 2022 – 102.7 t/ha, in 2023 – 103.2 t/ha, in 2024 – 94.1 t/ha, which is 7.4; 6.3 and 6.7 t/ha more than the control.
Conclusions. The maximum linear growth rates were observed in the A3B1 and A3B2 variants – 78.0 and 75.4 cm, the lowest in the A1B1 and A1B2 variants – 70.8 and 71.2 cm on average for 2022–2024. Fruit ripening occurred earliest when planting 47.6 and 57.1 thousand pcs/ha. Maximum productivity was observed with strip planting at a rate of 57.1 thousand units/ha – the yield increase averaged 6.8 t/ha. Increasing the number of plants to 71.4 thousand units/ha led to a drop in productivity by 11.1 and 7.9 % regardless of the planting method.
productivity, tomato, planting cultivation method, technology, planting rate, planting method, drip irrigation
Balakay G. T., Gurina I. V., Tagirov F. G. The influence of planting rates and methods on tomato growth, development and productivity under drip irrigation in Crimea. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2025;95(1):103–119. (In Russ.).
1. Karpushin M.Yu., Lezin M.S., Lezina V.A., 2023. Podbor ovoshchey, plodov i yagod po vitaminnoy tsennosti dlya funktsional'nogo pitaniya naseleniya v regionakh s vysokoy ekologicheskoy nagruzkoy [Selection of vegetables, fruits and berries according to vitamin value for functional nutrition of the population in regions with a high environmental load]. Agrarnoe obrazovanie i nauka [Agrarian Education and Science], no. 1, pp. 1-13, EDN: VYRRMH. (In Russian).
2. Soldatenko A.V., Borisov V.A., 2022. Ekologicheskoe ovoshchevodstvo [Ecological Vegetable Growing]. Moscow, FNCO, 504 p., EDN: HBRGMW. (In Russian).
3. Medelyaeva A.Yu., Bukharov A.F., Trunov Yu.V., 2020. Sortiment ovoshchnykh kul'tur dlya sozdaniya produktov pitaniya funktsional'nogo naznacheniya: monografiy [Sorting of Vegetable Crops for the Creation of Functional Food Products: monograph]. Michurinsk, Michurinsk State Agrarian University Publ., 159 p., EDN: LRMDGR. (In Russian).
4. Pivovarov V.F., Soldatenko A.V., Pyshnaya O.N., Gurkina L.K., Pinchuk E.V., 2024. Prodovol'stvennaya nezavisimost' i tekhnologicheskiy suverenitet Rossii v otrasli ovoshchevodstva [Food independence and technological sovereignty of Russia in the vegetable growing industry]. Ovoshchi Rossii [Vegetable Crops of Russia], no. 3, pp. 5-17, https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-3-5-17, EDN: TWEPPL. (In Russian).
5. Gish R.A., 2021. Ovoshchevodstvo otkrytogo grunta yuga Rossii. Sostoyanie i tendentsii razvitiya [Open ground vegetable growing in the south of Russia. Status and development trends]. Ovoshchi Rossii [Vegetable Crops of Russia], no. 4. pp. 5-10. https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-5-10, EDN: HKCMCA. (In Russian).
6. Surikhina T.N., Rubtsov A.A., 2023. Analiz sovremennogo sostoyaniya ovoshchevodstva Rostovskoy oblasti [Analysis of the current state of vegetable growing in the Rostov region]. Kartofel' i ovoshchi [Potatoes and Vegetables], no. 5, pp. 14-18. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2023.61.10.001, EDN: JWDKWE. (In Russian).
7. Sukhanova I.F., Ramazanova B.M., 2023. Rol' i mesto ovoshchevodstva otkrytogo grunta v agropromyshlennom komplekse strany [The role and place of open-ground vegetable growing in the country's agro-industrial complex]. Uchetno-analiticheskoe, nalogovoe i finansovoe obespechenie razvitiya APK: sb. st. III Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Recording-Analytical, Tax and Financial Provision for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex: Collect. of Articles of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Saratov, pp. 153-157, EDN: PFUSKB. (In Russian).
8. Magomedov A.M., 2021. Regional'nye problemy razvitiya ovoshchevodstva [Regional problems of vegetable growing development]. Ekonomika i upravlenie: problemy, resheniya [Economy and Management: Problems, Solutions], vol. 5, no. 11(119), pp. 39-45, EDN: ONPHNF. (In Russian).
9. Shutov V.M., Kuznetsova I.A., Kiryukhina T.A., 2023. Obzor industrial'nykh tekhnologiy proizvodstva ovoshchey [Overview of industrial vegetable production technologies]. Innovatsionnye idei molodykh – desyatiletiyu nauki i tekhnologiy: sb. materialov Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Innovative Ideas of the Young – for the Decade of Science and Technology: Proceed. of the International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Penza, PSAU, vol. I, pp. 559-563, EDN: QJVYWF. (In Russian).
10. Nezgovorova A.A., Soromotina T. V., 2023. Vliyanie gustoty posadki na biometricheskie pokazateli rasteniy sortov tomata pri vyrashchivanii na shpalere [Influence of planting density on the biometric indicators of tomato varieties grown on a trellis]. Molodozhnaya nauka – 2023: tekhnologii i innovatsii. Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii molodykh uchonykh, aspirantov i studentov, posvyashchonnoy Desyatiletiyu nauki i tekhnologiy v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. V 3 t. T. 1 [Youth science – 2023: Technologies and Innovations. Proceed. of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists, Graduate Students and Students, Dedicated to the Decade of Science and Technology in the Russian Federation]. In 3 vol. Vol. 1. Perm, FROM AND TO Publ.. pp. 132-135, EDN: JMVTPH. (In Russian).
11. Soromotina T.V., 2017. Vliyanie vozrasta rassady i gustoty posadki na urozhaynost' determinantnogo tomata [Influence of seedlings sprouts age and planting density on the yield of determinant tomato]. Permskiy agrarnyy vestnik [Perm Agrarian Bulletin], no. 2(18), pp. 71-75, EDN: JMVTPH. (In Russian).
12. Shibzukhova Z.S., Shakhmurzova A.V., 2018. Vliyanie gustoty posadki i urovnya mineral'nogo pitaniya na biometricheskie pokazateli rasteniy tomata [Effect of planting density and mineral nutrition level on the biometric parameters of tomato plants]. Innovatsionnye tekhnologii otechestvennoy selektsii i semenovodstva. Sbornik tezisov po materialam II nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh Vserossiyskogo foruma po selektsii i semenovodstvu [Innovative Technologies of Domestic Breeding and Seed Production: Collection of Abstracts of the II Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists of the All-Russian Forum on Breeding and Seed Production]. Krasnodar, KubGAU named after I. T. Trubilin, pp. 217-219, EDN: YULPFZ. (In Russian).
13. Batyrov V.A., Gar'yanova E.D., 2021. Vliyanie skhemy posadki na formirovanie urozhaynosti tomata [Influence of planting pattern on tomato yield formation]. Nauchnoe obespechenie ustoychivogo razvitiya agropromyshlennogo kompleksa: sbornik materialov Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. posvyashchennoy pamyati akademika RAN V. P. Zvolinskogo i 30-letiyu sozdaniya FGBNU «PAFNTs RAN» [Scientific Support for Sustainable Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex: Proceed. of the International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the Memory of RAS Academician V.P. Zvolinsky and the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Caspian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Caspian Agrarian Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Solenoe Zaimishche, pp. 23-25, EDN: WRASSV. (In Russian).
14. Kozlova I.V., 2019. Vliyanie gustoty stoyaniya rasteniy na urozhay konservnykh sortov tomata [Impact of plant density on the yield of canning tomato varieties]. Risovodstvo [Rice Growing], no. 2(43), pp. 66-72, EDN: YUNLUI. (In Russian).
15. Sidyakina E.V., Shangar A.S., 2015. Vliyanie skhemy posadki rassady na urozhaynost' plodov tomata v usloviyakh kapel'nogo orosheniya Yuga Ukrainy [Influence of seedling planting scheme on tomato fruit yield under drip irrigation in the South of Ukraine]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 2(58), pp. 75-78, EDN: TZLZYP. (In Russian).
