Purpose: to substantiate the leaching technologies and strategy for agricultural use of saline lands under water scarcity.
Materials and methods. Experimental data from studies conducted by the authors, processing and analytical evaluation.
Results. When leaching with a water layer along checks, even under the most favorable conditions – water availability, good filtration properties of soils and ensured outflow of leaching water – salt leaching has limitations. 84 % of the original salt content leaching at a specific water consumption of 733 cubic meters / ha can be achieved from the 0–70 cm layer of highly saline soil, leaching along checks, and 73 % of the original content at a specific water consumption of 1100 cubic meters / ha when leaching along furrows of moderately saline soils. Simultaneously with the decrease in soil salinization during leaching, there is also leaching of 20–60% of nutrients. Quantitative results of soil desalination using biopreparations and soil loosening, reducing water consumption: up to 40 % with soil leaching, up to 25 % with furrow irrigation, with a 30 % increase in cotton yield, have been established. Testing of domestic innovative, environmentally friendly, microbiological preparations has shown the possibility of productive agricultural use of saline lands. When growing cotton with the microbiological preparation RIZOKOM-1, a yield increase of more than 10 c/ha was obtained on highly saline lands. On repeated legume crops grown on moderately saline soils using the TERIA-S preparation, the yield increase was more than 5 c/ha.
Conclusions. Farmers must reasonably choose measures to maintain the salt regime of the soil, based on their economic and resource capabilities, taking into account the degree of soil salinization and its physical properties (infiltration, bulk density, gypsum layers availability) in a particular field. To save water, it is advisable to apply modern biological preparations and soil loosening technology.
saline soil leaching, salt and nutrient leaching, water resources, technologies improvement, soil loosening, chemical and microbiological preparations, yield increase
Shirokova Y. I., Paluashova G. K., Kodirov D. T., Sadiev F. F. Strategy for increasing the efficiency of leaching and agricultural use of saline lands under water scarcity. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2025;95(1):282–298. (In Russ.).
1. Rekomendatsii po povysheniyu effektivnosti promyvki pochv pri ratsional'nom ispol'zovanii vody [Recommendations for Increasing the Efficiency of Soil Leaching with Rational Water Use]. NIIVP. Tashkent, 2019, 25 p. (In Russian).
2. Sadiyev F.F., Shirokova Yu.I., Paluashova G.K., 2021. Issledovanie meliorativnogo vozdeystviya preparata «Biosolvent» na zasolennye pochvy pri promyvke i oroshenii [Study of the reclaimed effect of the "Biosolvent" preparation on alcaline soils when washing and irrigating]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii [Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems], vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 24-46, DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2021-11-1-24-46, EDN: PKOFQC. (In Russian).
3. Shirokova Yu.I., Paluashova G.K., Sadiev F.F., Kodirov D.T., 2023. Ekonomicheskaya i ekologicheskaya otsenka effektivnosti promyvki zasolennykh pochv pri razlichnykh tekhnologiyakh [Economic and ecologic assessments of saline soil leaching efficiency using various technologies]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 1 (89), pp. 7-17, EDN: LKCCEE. (In Russian).
4. Mansurov N.H., 1990. Pochvenno-meliorativnoe sostoyanie pochv yugo-vostochnoy chasti Golodnoy stepi na primere sovkhoza «Pakhtakor» [Soil and reclamation state of soils in the southeastern part of the Hungry Steppe on the example of the Pakhtakor state farm]. Tez. dokl. I Delegatskogo s"ezda pochvovedov Uzbekistana [Abstract of the Report of the 1st Delegate Congress of Soil Scientists of Uzbekistan]. Tashkent, pp. 221. (In Russian).
5. Yakubov Kh.I., Ramazanov A.R., Ostrobrod B.G., 1986. Rekomendatsii po tekhnologii promyvok trudnomelioriruemykh zasolennykh pochv Uzbekistana s primeneniem meliorativnoy obrabotki i khimmeliorantov [Recommendations on the technology of washing difficult-to-reclaim saline soils of Uzbekistan with the use of reclamation treatment and chemical fertilizers]. Ministry of Agriculture of UzSSR et al..Tashkent, 28 p. (In Russian).
6. Kumar A., Behera I., Langthasa M., Prakashnaroju S., 2023. Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on alleviating salinity stress in plants: a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 2525-2550. DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2022.2155548, EDN: NKEWEP.
7. Kumawat K.C., Sharma B., Nagpal S., Kumar A., Tiwari S., Nair R.M., 2023. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Salt stress alleviators to improve crop productivity for sustainable agriculture development. Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 13, no. 1101862, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1101862.
8. Raza A., Tabassum Ja., Fakhar A.Z. [et al.], 2023. Smart reprograming of plants against salinity stress using modern biotechnological tools. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1035-1062, DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2093695, EDN: OUFWHO.
9. Alikulov B., 2023. Mechanisms of salt stress reduction in plants using salt-resistant bacteria isolated from halophytes. Scientific Review. Biological Science, no. 1, pp. 98-104, DOI: 10.17513/srbs.1321.
10. Djumaniyazova G.I., Narbaeva Kh.S., Rakhimov S.S., Alikhanov B.B., 2023. Modern Innovative Approaches in Environmentally Safe Rural Development. International Affairs, no. 5–6(97–98), pp. 12-30, available: https://international-affairs.uz/storage/01JQ87Q19PE9N8QH6X61GNY14T.pdf.
