Purpose: to analyze the effect of fertilizer types and doses application on onion growth, development and yield during their cultivation in various natural and climatic zones of the Russian Federation.
Discussion. The effects of fertilizer types and doses application on various soil types during the cultivation of onions are considered. The analysis of fertilizer application schemes in different ratios is carried out. The importance of choosing optimal fertilizer application schemes depending on climatic conditions and soil type is considered, which can significantly improve not only the yield, but also the quality of the products. When applying mineral fertilizers, the onion yield increase reaches 22.5 to 30 % compared to cultivation without fertilizers, and also allows increasing the biochemical parameters of the bulbs by up to 30 %. The greatest increase in onion yield is achieved with organomineral fertilizer application, which leads to the crop yield increase up to 54.8 %.
Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of experiments on growing onions, it was revealed that various types of fertilizers contribute to the growth and development of onions, increasing their productivity, improving the quality of products and maintaining soil fertility. For the effective application of fertilizers when growing onions under the conditions of Rostov region, it is necessary to conduct research on the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, essential microelements, methods of their application, as well as application rates taking into account the cultivation of onions on irrigated lands.
onion, yield, fertilizer rate, mineral and organic fertilizers
Monastyrskiy V. A., Olgarenko V. Ig., Merkulov E. A. Fertilizer application during onion growing. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2025;96(2):186–207. (In Russ.).
1. Dubin R.I., 2023. Produktivnost' gibridov luka, rayonirovannykh na territorii Astrakhanskoy oblasti [Productivity of onion hybrids released in the Astrakhan region]. Niva Povolzhya [Volga Region Crop Field], no. 3(67), Serial number 1010, DOI: 10.36461/NP.2023.67.3.011, EDN: JBTMOR. (In Russian).
2. Cherkashina M.I., Alimgafarov R.R. [et al.], 2023. Vliyanie mineral'nykh udobreniy na rost i razvitie luka repchatogo v Respublike Bashkortostan [Influence of mineral fertilizers on the growth and development of onions in the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Izvestiya Dagestanskogo GAU [Bullet. of Dagestan State Agrarian University], no. 1(17), pp. 89-92, EDN: UBHHGJ. (In Russian).
3. Sedykh T.V., 2004. Vliyanie sortovykh osobennostey na urozhaynost' luka repchatogo [The influence of varietal characteristics on the yield of onions]. Agrarnaya nauka na sovremennom etape: sb. nauch. tr., posvyashchennyy 45-letiyu Akademii i 60-letiyu Tyumenskoy oblasti [Agrarian Science at the Present Stage: Collection of Scientific Papers, Dedicated to the 45th Anniversary of the Academy and the 60th Anniversary of the Tyumen Region]. Tyumen, Voskhod, рp. 213-215. (In Russian).
4. Soldatenko A.V., Borisov V.A., 2022. Ekologicheskoe ovoshchevodstvo: monografiya [Ecological Vegetable Growing: monograph]. Moscow, Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing, 504 p., ISBN: 978-5-901695-88-3, EDN: HBRGMW. (In Russian).
5. Uspenskaya O.N., Fedosov A.Yu., Menshikh A.M., Vasyuchkov I.Yu., 2023. Mineral'nye udobreniya dlya luka repchatogo: obzor [Mineral fertilizers for onions: a review]. Ovoshchi Rossii [Vegetable Crops of Russia], no. 6, pp. 52-60, DOI: 10.18619/2072-9146-2023-6-52-60, EDN: AXXREB. (In Russian).
6. Kim V.O., Kamenev R.A, Turchin V.V., Kameneva V.K., 2023. Optimizatsiya mineral'nogo pitaniya luka repchatogo pri vyrashchivanii na chernozeme obyknovennom v usloviyakh Rostovskoy oblasti [Optimization of mineral nutrition of onions when grown on ordinary chernozem in the conditions of the Rostov region]. Vestnik Donskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bullet. of Don State Agrarian University], no. 3(49), pp. 35-40, EDN: UGSHXL. (In Russian).
7. Lobankova O.Yu., Ismailov K.B., Selivanova M.V., 2021. Vliyanie mineral'noy podkormki na produktivnost' luka repchatogo v usloviyakh orosheniya v zasushlivoy zone [The effect of mineral fertilizing on the productivity of onions under irrigation conditions in the arid zone]. Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya [Agricultural Bulletin of Stavropol Region], no. 4(44), pp. 32-36, DOI: 10.31279/2222-9345-2021-10-43-32-36, EDN: ZWLQXJ. (In Russian).
8. Kasynkina O.M., 2018. Effektivnost' mikrobiologicheskikh udobreniy na luke repchatom v Srednem Povolzh'e [Efficiency of microbiological fertilizers on bulb onions in the Middle Volga region]. Resursosberegayushchie ekologicheski bezopasnye tekhnologii khraneniya i pererabotki sel'skokhozyaystvennoy produktsii: sb. st. po materialam mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konf., posvyashch. 75-letiyu Kurganskoy oblasti [Resource-Saving Environmentally Friendly Technologies for Storing and Processing Agricultural Products: Coll. art. based on the Proceed. of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Dedicated to the 75th Anniversary of the Kurgan Region]. Lesnikovo, Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev, pp. 175-177, EDN: XNEKGT. (In Russian).
9. Oleynik A.P., 2023. Effektivnost' primeneniya mineral'nykh udobreniy v sisteme udobreniya luka repchatogo v usloviyakh Aksayskogo rayona Rostovskoy oblasti [Efficiency of using mineral fertilizers in the bulb onion fertilization system in the Aksay district of Rostov region]. Razvitie agrarnoy nauki i praktiki: sostoyanie, problemy, perspektivy: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakt. konferentsii [Development of Agricultural Science and Practice: State, Problems, Prospects: Proceed. of the All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference]. Persianovsky, Donskoy SAU, pp. 121-126, EDN: EHAVBS. (In Russian).
10. Knyazkov A.N., Nadezhkin S.M., Agafonov A.F., 2011. Vliyanie urovnya mine-ral'nogo pitaniya na semennuyu i ovoshchnuyu urozhaynost' razlichnykh sortov luka repcha-togo [Influence of mineral nutrition level on seed and vegetable yield of different onion varieties]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo ovoshchnykh kul'tur [Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops], no. 44, pp. 86-90, EDN: UKELTP. (In Russian).
11. Alimgafarov R.R., Kuznetsov I.Yu., Cherkashina A.G., Valiullina O.V., 2023. Khimicheskiy sostav i urozhaynost' luka repchatogo v svyazi s usloviyami pitaniya [The chemical composition and yield of onions in connection with nutritional conditions]. Dal'nevostochnyy agrarnyy vestnik [Far Eastern Agrarian Bullet.], vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 30-39, DOI: 10.22450/19996837_2023_1_30, EDN: XEQPJQ. (In Russian).
12. Satunkin I.V., Kuzmenko S.S., Deryabin S.N., 2023. Vliyanie sistemy udobreniy na biometricheskie pokazateli i strukturu urozhaya gibridov luka repchatogo (Állium cépa) na meliorirovannom chernozeme yuzhnom pri kapel'nom oroshenii [The influence of the fertilizer system on the biometric parameters and yield structure of onion hybrids (állium cépa) on reclaimed southern chernozem under drip irrigation]. Vavilovskie chteniya 2023: sb. st. Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konf., posvyashchennoy 136-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akademika N. I. Vavilova [Vavilov Readings 2023: Coll. Art. of International Scientific-Practical Conf., Dedicated to the 136th Anniversary of the Birth of Academician N. I. Vavilov]. Saratov, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, pp. 554-563, EDN: CMWRZR. (In Russian).
13. Mukhortov V.I., Fedorova V.A., Dronik A.A., 2013. Vliyanie mineral'nykh udob-reniy na semennuyu produktivnost' repchatogo luka khaltsedon [Influence of fertilizers on seed productivity of onions chalcedony]. Vestnik Prikaspiyya [Bullet. of the Caspian Region], no. 3(3), pp. 13-16, EDN: TVSGVJ. (In Russian).
14. Kolomiets A.A., Vasyuchkov I.Yu., Uspenskaya O.N., Borisov V.A., 2023. Vliyanie organicheskikh, mineral'nykh udobreniy i stimulyatora rosta na urozhaynost' i kachestvo produktsii luka repchatogo sorta «Forvard» [The influence of organic, mineral fertilizers and growth stimulator on the yield and quality of onion products of the Forward variety]. Kartofel' i ovoshchi [Potato and Vegetables], no. 7, pp. 28-31, DOI: 10.25630/PAV.2023.51.72.002, EDN: GSVIKN. (In Russian).
15. Elouattassi Ya., Ferioun M., Ghachtouli N.El. [et al.], 2023. Enhancing onion growth and yield through agroecological practices: Organic ferti-lization and intercropping. Acta Eco-logica Sinica, DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.09.004, EDN: POPBNI.
16. Maisura M., Nurdin M., Muslina M., 2019. Effect of manure and NPK fertilizers on growth and production of onion (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Tropical Horticulture, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16-18, DOI: 10.33089/jthort.v2i1.15.
17. Tekeste N., Dechassa N., Woldetsadik K., Dessalegne L., Takele A., 2018. Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus application on bulb yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The Open Agriculture Journal, no. 12(1), pp. 194-206, DOI: 10.2174/1874331501812010194.
18. Grekhova I.V., Litvinenko N.V., Grekhova V.Yu., 2022. Effektivnost' primeneniya organomineral'nykh udobreniy na lukovykh kul'turakh [Organomineral fertilizers application efficiency on onion crops]. Vestnik KrasGAU [Bullet. of KrasSAU], no. 9, pp. 17-26, DOI: 10.36718/1819-4036-2022-9-17-26, EDN: QDOJEI. (In Russian).
19. Meshcheryakova E.S., Samartseva A.A., 2021. Vliyanie organomineral'nykh udobreniy na urozhaynost' luka v Tsentral'noy zone Kurganskoy oblasti [Influence of organomineral fertilizers on onion yield in the Central Zone of Kurgan Region]. Nauka v issledovaniyakh molodezhi – 2021: materialy studencheskoy nauchnoy konferentsii. V II ch. Ch. II. [Science in Youth Research. 2021: Proceed. of the Student Scientific Conference. In part II. Part II]. Kurgan, Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev, pp. 62-64, EDN: TKWECF. (In Russian).
