Purpose: to assess the physicochemical properties of meadow sierozemic soil and to substantiate methods for increasing salt leaching based on experimental studies.
Materials and methods. Experimental data from soil field and laboratory studies: hydrophysical and chemical properties of soils (particle size distribution, bulk density, water permeability, gypsum and carbonates presence, chemical soil content (soluble ions), composition of cations in the soil absorption complex (SAC). Statistical processing and assessment of the applicability of technologies of saline soils reclamation tested in the field.
Results. It was determined that the reasons for low water permeability and, accordingly, salt release of the studied light and medium loamy soils are: high density of the upper horizons, increased content of carbonates throughout the profile, gypsum interlayers. It was revealed that the content of absorbed magnesium in the SAC is 2–4 times higher than the content of exchangeable calcium, exerting a dispersing effect on soils. A linear relationship between water-soluble and absorbed magnesium was found, however, low water permeability and salt release of soils are an obstacle to leaching and magnesium reduction both in soil and in SAC. The authors' research substantiates the possibility of enhancing salt leaching and reducing water consumption using soil desalination technologies alternative to leaching with a water layer: a) leaching irrigation mode; b) using atmospheric precipitation; c) furrow leaching using the Biosolvent ameliorant (pH ~2), created with an organic acid.
Conclusions. Based on a comprehensive study and analysis of the causes of low water permeability and salt release in the Mirzaabad district of the Syrdarya region, and experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of soil desalination technologies applying subsoiling and organic acids, alternative soil reclamation methods for soils with complex hydrophysical and chemical properties are recommended.
saline soils, physical and chemical properties, salt leaching, improvement of soil reclamation technologies, soil loosening, chemical ameliorants
Shirokova Yu. I., Paluashova G. K., Kodirov D. T., Sadiev F. F. Assessment of the physical and chemical properties of saline soils in the Syrdarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and experimental substantiation of effective methods of their reclamation. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2026;98(1):19–42. (In Russ.).
1. Pankova E.I., Molodtsov V.A., Yamnova I.Ya. [et al.]., 2023. Osobennosti zasoleniya i gipsonosnosti pochv Dzhizakskoy stepi (do nachala yeye meliorativnogo osvoeniya v 70-kh godakh XX v). [Features of Soils Salinization and Gypsum Content of the Jizzakh Steppe (Before the Beginning of its reclamation Development in the 70s of the XX Century)]. Moscow, Media-Press Publ., 264 p., ISBN: 978-5-901003-71-8, EDN: GXZBSH. (In Russian).
2. Ramazanov A., Akhatov A., Fayzullaeva M.N., 2016. Protsessy osolontsevaniya oroshaemykh pochv pustynnoy zony Uzbekistana [Processes of solonetzization of irrigated soils in the desert zone of Uzbekistan]. Irrigatsiya i melioratsiya [Irrigation and Melioration], no. 03(5), pp. 34-36, EDN: ARFZXM. (In Russian).
3. Chernousenko G.I., Khitrov N.B., Pankova E.I., 2023. Magniy v zasolennykh gipssoderzhashchikh pochvakh Rossii [Magnesium in saline gypsum-bearing soils of Russia]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], no. 7, pp. 815-830, DOI: 10.31857/S0032180X23600026, EDN: VPHWGC. (In Russian).
4. Voevodina L.A., Voevodin O.V., 2015. Magniy dlya pochvy i rasteniy [Magnesium for soil and plants]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii [Scientific journal of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems], no. 2(18), pp. 70-81, EDN: UAGZZN. (In Russian).
5. Glukhova T.P., Strelnikova G.A., 1983. Mineralizovannye vody Uzbekistana kak rezerv orosheniya [Mineralized Waters of Uzbekistan as an Irrigation Reserve]. Tashkent, FAN Publ., 136 p. (In Russian).
6. Gorokhova I.N., Pankova E.I., 2024. Karbonatnye pochvy: ikh svoystva i polozhe-nie v raznykh klassifikatsiyakh [Calcareous soils: their properties and definitions in different classifications]. Ekosistemy: ekologiya i dinamika [Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics], no. 3, pp. 52-66, DOI: 10.24412/2542-2006-2024-3-52-66, EDN: DWNLNA. (In Russian).
7. Gorokhova I.N., Chursin I.N., 2021. Karbonaty v oroshaemykh pochvakh Prikaspiy-skoy nizmennosti [Carbonates in irrigated soils of the Caspian Lowland]. Aridnye ekosistemy [Arid Ecosystems], vol. 27, no. 2(87), pp. 90-97, EDN: KOZULX. (In Russian).
8. Mansurov N.Kh., 1990. Pochvenno-meliorativnoe sostoyanie pochv yugo-vostochnoy chasti Golodnoy stepi na primere sovkhoza «Pakhtakor» [Soil-reclamation state of the soils in the southeastern part of the Hungry Steppe on the example of the Pakhtakor state farm]. Tez. dokl. I delegatskogo s"yezda pochvovedov Uzbekistana [Abstracta of the I Delegate Congress of Soil Scientists of Uzbekistan]. Tashkent, 221 p.
9. Bresler E., McNeal B.L., Carter D.L., 1982. Management. Saline and Sodic Soils. Principles-Dynamics-Modeling. vol. 10: Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, pp. 166-211, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68324-4_3.
10. Urazkeldiev A.B., Shirokova Yu.I., Paluashova G.K., Sadiyev F.F., Kodirov D.T., 2023. Upravlenie solevym rezhimom pochv v usloviyakh nedostatochnoy vodoobespe-chennosti [Management of the salt regime of soils under conditions of insufficient water supply]. Vestnik KRSU [Bulletin of KRSU], vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 200-209, DOI: 10.36979/1694-500X-2023-23-12-200-209, EDN: GOSQXO. (In Russian).
