THE IMPACT OF ONION SOWING METHODS AND TIME ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND YIELD

Authors:Monastyrskiy Valeriy A., Merkulov Evgeniy A.

635.25:631.5
Theme: Current scientific research in the field of land reclamation and hydraulic engineering
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Annotation

Purpose: to study the impact of sowing methods and time on the growth, development and yield of onion under different soil and climatic conditions.

Discussion. The results of studies of multi-row band, wide-band and precision sowing methods in combination with spring, early-winter and winter sowing periods are considered. The impact of sowing rates, plant patterns and technological parameters of sowing units on field germination, survival and formation of commercial bulbs was analyzed. It has been shown that early spring sowing provides field germination of up to 88–90 % and the yield of commercial bulbs at the level of 86–88 %, while late or winter sowing reduces these indicators by 1.5–2 times. In winter crops, successful wintering and minimization of shooting are achieved only with a strictly differentiated choice of sowing time. Among sowing methods, the highest productivity was demonstrated by multi-row band sowing systems and wide-band seeding on raised beds with a seeding rate of 8–10 kg/ha. This eliminates manual thinning, creates a uniform plant density, and achieves yields of 49–65 t/ha depending on the region.

Conclusions. Sowing method and time are the determining factors in realizing the productivity potential of onions. Maximum efficiency is achieved by adapting the sowing time to the biological characteristics of the varietal ecotype and using multi-row band or wide-band seeding systems with a scientifically substantiated seeding rate. The conducted analysis shows that effective cultivation of onions in Rostov region requires research to optimize the calendar timing of early spring and winter sowing, as well as to adapt multi-row and wide-band sowing methods to regionalized varieties and hybrids of different ecotypes.

Keywords

onions, yield, sowing time, sowing methods, sowing rate

For quoting

Monastyrskiy V. A., Merkulov E. A. The impact of onion sowing methods and time on the growth, development, and yield. Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture. 2026;99(2):123–141. (In Russ.).

Authors

V. A. Monastyrsky – Leading Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, valerijmonastyrskij@yandex.ru, Author ID: 626723, ORCID: 0000-0002-0881-4282;

E. A. Merkulov – Engineer, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, zhenya.merkulov.53@mail.ru, AuthorID: 1238619, ORCID: 0009-0000-9045-9541.

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